International Law Essay

Global law alludes to an understanding marked between country states restricting them to comply with all around organized standards and adequate gauges. It essentially concerns relations between countries on explicit legitimate fields, for example, bargain, helpful and criminal laws as opposed to on issues of individual residents. The development of universal law came to fruition because of view by legitimate activists that assented marking of characterized standards by sovereign states could restrain their capacity to meddle with different countries inward undertakings. This prompted the finding of the universal criminal court in mid twentieth century to defend states power and regard for human rights. The universal law depends on the standard law, bargain law and other normally adequate lines of behaviors. To implement these laws, there exist numerous worldwide associations. The United Nations has been accused of the obligation to keep and keep up harmony and security. This is on the grounds that since its development in 1945, its sanction has been clung to by numerous countries and even the staying hardly any countries concur with the rules that structure it. This makes UN the most persuasive authority of universal law. It progresses in the direction of creating and keeping up inviting relations among states and supervising the amicable goals of contentions among states. To accomplish this, the UN has numerous divisions each accused of a specific capacity. The universal criminal court is one of its systems of managing interstate and philanthropic issues (http://www. ohchr. organization/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/InternationalLaw. spx). The foundation of UN general get together was made to attempt contemplate and suggest on methods of continuously creating and shielding the worldwide law. To maintain human rights, strategies like sending harmony keeping troops and starting harmony exchanges have been utilized. Ensured human harmony and amicable between states presence is the best blessing this world needs. This shows the significance of these implementing collections of the worldwide law and there subsidiaries.

Speaking Strategies for English Learners

Speaking Strategies for English Learners Numerous English understudies grumble that they get English, however dont feel sufficiently certain to join a discussion. There are various purposes behind this, which we incorporate here alongside potential arrangements: Understudies attempt to interpret from their local language into English. How to Fix It? Distinguish the Little Man/Woman in Your Headâ - If you focus, youll notice that youve made a little individual in your mind that interprets. By demanding continually interpreting through this little man or lady, youre bringing a third individual into the discussion. Figure out how to recognize this individual and ask them pleasantly to hush up! Creation blocking happens because of anxiety, absence of certainty, and so on. How to Fix It? Become a Child Again -  Think back to when you were a kid learning your first language. Did you commit errors? Did you get everything? Permit yourself to be a kid again and commit whatever number errors as would be prudent. Likewise acknowledge the way that you wont get everything, that is alright! The speaker is searching for a particular word, as opposed to utilizing straightforward language to depict what is implied. How to Fix It? Dont Always Tell the Truthâ -Students now and again constrain themselves by attempting to locate the specific interpretation of something theyve done. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you are learning English, its not important to consistently come clean. In the event that you are working on recounting stories before, make up a story. Youll discover you can talk all the more effectively in the event that you arent attempting to locate a particular word. There arent enough discussion openings in or outside of class. How to Fix It? Utilize Your Native Languageâ -Think about what you like to examine in your own local language. Discover a companion who communicates in your language, have a discussion about a point you both appreciate in your own language. Next, attempt to replicate the discussion in English. Dont stress in the event that you cannot state everything, simply attempt to rehash the principle thoughts of your discussion. Understudies arent ready to address peers (for instance: blended classes of grown-ups and adolescents). How to Fix It? Make Speaking Into a Game -  Challenge each other to talk in English for a brief timeframe. Keep your objectives simple. Maybe you can start with a short two-minute discussion in English. As rehearsing turns out to be progressively common, challenge each other for longer timeframes. Another chance is to gather some cash for each time you utilize your own language with a companion. Utilize the cash to go out for a beverage and practice some progressively English! Test planning centers around language, jargon, and so on and allows for dynamic use. How to Fix It? Make a Study Groupâ -If preparing for a test is your essential objective for learning English, set up an investigation gathering to audit and get ready - in English! Ensure your gathering just talks about in English. Considering and checking on in English, regardless of whether its equitable language, will assist you with getting increasingly agreeable in communicating in English.â Speaking Resources Here are various assets, exercise plans, proposal pages, and more which will support you and your understudies improve English talking aptitudes in and outside of class. The principal rule of improving talking aptitudes is to talk, banter, talk, jabber, and so on as much as could be expected under the circumstances! Be that as it may, these methodologies can support you - or your understudies - put forth the most out of your attempts. American English Usage Tips - Understanding how Americans utilize English and what they hope to hear can help improve discussions among local and non-local speakers. These next two highlights assist you with seeing how words pressure assumes a job in both comprehension and being comprehended: Inflection and Stress: Key to UnderstandingWord Stress - Changes in Meaning Register use alludes to the manner of speaking and words that you pick when addressing others. Suitable register use can assist you with building up a decent affinity with different speakers. Register UsageRegister Use in English Training Conversational Skills will assist instructors with understanding explicit difficulties included when showing talking aptitudes in class. Social English Examples Ensuring that your discussion begins well regularly relies upon utilizing social English (standard expressions). These social English models give short discoursed and key stages fundamental. IntroductionsGreetingsSpecial DaysSpeaking to StrangersTraveling Phrases Exchanges Exchanges are valuable in learning standard expressions and jargon utilized in like manner circumstances. These circumstances are probably the most widely recognized youll find while rehearsing your English. A Busy DayWeekend SportsAt a Restaurant Here are various exchanges dependent on level: Tenderfoots DialoguesIntermediate Dialogs Discussion Lesson Plans Here are various exercise plans which have demonstrated very well known in ESL/EFL homerooms around the globe. Well beginning with discusses. Discussions can be utilized in class to help persuade understudies and use expressions and jargon that they may not use on an ordinary premise. Here are a couple to begin with: People - Equal at Last?Multinationals -  Help or Hindrance? Games are likewise very well known in class, and games which urge to communicate their perspective are the absolute best: Making a New SocietyGuilty!Lego Blocks This page will lead you to all the discussion plans situated on this site: Discussion Lesson Plan Resource

The strength of group work

The strength of group work Once a US president  went out to see the situation of the city. Somewhere a group of soldiers was trying to lift a large branch of a tree from their way.The Corporal was standing by their side instructing them to work harder, but they were unable to move it.A stranger was riding on his horse and he observed what was going on. He said to the Corporal if you help them they will be able to move it. Why dont you help them? The Corporal replied That is not my job, I am the Corporal. It is their work, they should do it.The stranger did not hesitate a moment, immediately he dismounted from his horse, and helped the group of the soldiers to move that log.This additional strength helped them to move the log. After moving it, the stranger mounted his horse and said to the Corporal Next time you need to move some heavy thing and you need a help, call for the Commander-in Chief and went away his way.It was then that the men realized that the stranger was none other than George Washington t he first President of the United States, the Commander-in-Chief of the army.Author Unknown Story submitted by Cindy

Understanding Different Types of Colleges

Colleges and universities in the United State can be divided into two categories: four-year colleges and two-year colleges. Within those categories, there are a variety of subdivisions and distinctions between schools. The following article explains the differences between types of colleges to help you make the best decision when considering your higher education options.   Key Takeaways Colleges and universities can be divided into two-year institutions and four-year institutions.Four-year institutions include public and private colleges and universities as well as liberal arts colleges.Two-year institutions include community colleges, trade schools, and for-profit universities.Other institutional distinctions include Historically Black Colleges and Universities, women’s colleges, and Tribal Colleges and Universities.   Four-Year Colleges A four-year college is an institution of higher learning that provides programs of study that take approximately four academic years to complete. Students that complete these programs earn bachelor’s degrees. Four-year colleges are the most common institutions of higher education in the United States. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), undergraduate enrollment in four-year colleges is 65 percent, nearly 11 million students. These institutions often include strong student communities, complete with sports teams and extracurricular activities, students clubs and organizations, student body leadership, on-campus housing opportunities, Greek life, and more.  Harvard University, University of Michigan, Carroll College, and Bates College are all examples of four-year institutions, though they are all different types of colleges.   Public vs. Private Public colleges and universities are owned and operated by the state board of education within the state where the college is located. Funding for public institutions comes from state and federal taxes, as well as student tuition and fees, and private donors. Boise State University and the University of California are examples of public universities. Private institutions are owned and operated by individuals or organizations and do not receive federal or state funding. Private institutions often receive funding from alumni and corporate and individual donations. Though private institutions are not operated by the state in which they are located, they must still meet state and federal criteria in order to be accredited academic institutions. Yale University and Notre Dame University are examples of private universities. College vs. University   Traditionally, a college was a small, often private institution that only offered undergraduate programs, while universities were larger institutions that offered undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees. Since these two terms have been commonly used to describe four-year institutions—and many small colleges began offering graduate and doctoral degree programs—the terms college and university are now completely interchangeable.  Ã‚   Liberal Arts Colleges Liberal arts colleges are four-year institutions that focus on the liberal arts: humanities, social and physical sciences, and mathematics. Liberal arts colleges are often small, private institutions with higher tuition rates and lower student-to-teacher ratios. Students at liberal arts colleges are encouraged to engage in interdisciplinary academia. Swarthmore College and Middlebury College are examples of liberal arts colleges.   Two-Year Colleges Two-year colleges provide lower-level higher education, commonly known as continuing education. Students that complete programs at two-year institutions can receive certifications or associates degrees. Hudson County Community College, Fox Valley Technical College, and the University of Phoenix are different examples of two-year institutions. Approximately 35 percent of undergraduates are enrolled in two-year institutions, according to the NCES. Many students choose to enroll in two-year institutions to obtain associate’s (or two-year) degrees before attending a bigger, often more expensive four-year institution to obtain a bachelor’s degree.  This cuts down on the cost of general education requirements, making college more achievable for many students. Other undergraduates enroll in two-year programs because they provide job-specific training and a direct pathway to a career.  Ã‚   Community Colleges Sometimes called junior college, community colleges offer higher education opportunities within communities. These courses are often geared toward working professionals, with classes offered outside of regular working hours. Students often use community colleges to gain job-specific certifications or as affordable stepping stones for completing bachelor’s degrees. Western Wyoming Community College and Odessa College are examples of community or junior colleges.   Trade Schools Also called vocational schools or technical colleges, trade schools provide technical skills for specific careers. Students that complete trade school programs can move directly into the workforce with ease. Students at trade schools often become dental hygienists, electricians, plumbers, computer technicians, and more. North Central Kansas Technical College and the State Technical College of Missouri are both examples of trade schools. For-Profit Schools For-profit colleges are educational institutions that are privately owned and operated. They run like a business, selling education as the product. For-profit schools can provide bachelor’s and master’s degrees, as well as technical education, though these programs are often offered online or via distance learning. According to the NCES, enrollment in for-profit institutions has increased by 109 percent since 2000, though that number has been declining since the financial crisis in 2007.   Other Types of Colleges Schools either fall into the two or four-year college categories, but there are a variety of other distinctions between colleges that make the campuses stand out. Historically Black Colleges and Universities Historically Black College and Universities, or HBCUs, are educational institutions founded before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the goal of providing higher education to African-American students. There are 101 HBCUs in the United States, both private and public. HBCUs admit students of all ethnicities. Howard University and Morehouse College are examples of HBCUs. Women’s Colleges Women’s colleges are education institutions founded to provide single-sex education for women; these institutions only admit female students. Traditionally, women’s colleges prepared women for assigned societal roles, such as teaching, but they evolved into degree-granting academic institutions after World War II. There are 38 women’s colleges in the United States. Bryn Mawr College and Wesleyan College are examples of women’s colleges. Tribal Colleges and Universities Tribal Colleges and Universities are accredited educational institutions that provide undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees as well as vocational training to both Native and non-Native students with curricula designed to pass on tribal history and culture. These institutions are operated by Native American tribes and are located on or near reservations. There are 32 accredited Tribal Colleges and Universities operating in the United States.  Oglala Lakota College and Sitting Bull College are examples of tribal colleges. Sources   Fain, Paul. â€Å"Enrollment Slide Continues, at Slower Rate .†Ã‚  Inside Higher Ed  , 20 Dec. 2017.â€Å"More Than 76 Million Students Enrolled in U.S. Schools.†Ã‚  Census.gov, U.S. Census Bureau, 11 Dec. 2018.â€Å"Undergraduate Enrollment .†Ã‚  The Condition of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, May 2019.

Film Review Shrek - 1061 Words

Shrek, a Movie for both Kids and Adults Cartoons are generally intended for children. There are adult cartoons but most of the animated movies are directed at kids because they make it easy to produce fantasies and make heroes children can associate themselves with. Latest developments in graphics and cinematic technology, however, can turn cartoons into real-like images. A good example of a film that displays this technology is Disneys Shrek (2001). Shrek is a cartoon but its makers used latest computer-generated graphics technology to almost blur the boundary between a movie and a cartoon. So, Shrek is both a cartoon and a movie. Likewise, the filmmakers also blurred the boundary between Shreks intended audiences. It is neither exclusively for kids nor exclusively for adults. Shrek is produced for both children and adults. In making Shrek, the filmmakers clearly had children in mind. It retains all the characteristics of Disney animated movies. 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What is the impact of attractive packaging on impulse purchase decision Free Essays

string(105) " is marketing a product whose contents require a container must factor in the role that packaging plays\." Introduction The most fascinating concept of marketing is to discover the understanding of the reasoning of buyers: what they do and what they don’t do! But such knowledge is imperative in designing the marketing program to enhance sale and market share. With up to date information about buyer’s buying behaviour along with her needs and wants, marketer can recreate product or services just to draw her attention. And once they get the buyer’s attention, they can influence buyer’s purchase decision positively and end up by satisfying with their product or services. We will write a custom essay sample on What is the impact of attractive packaging on impulse purchase decision? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore the whole concept starts with the search of information about the factors influencing buying decision. Marketers have always pursued to design their marketing effort they believe will entice buyers. ‘Impulse purchase decision’ can be termed as unplanned buying and is a crucial aspect of buying behaviour, especially when talking about FMCG sector. Marketer put a whole lot of effort to grasp the buyer’s attention and win them resulting in a sale whereas the buyer never intended to buy that particular product or service. In this research I will try to find the connection between attractive packaging of a product in influencing impulse purchase. Purpose: The basic purpose of this research is to provide information to assist in research to gain knowledge and to understand the problems. Taking this point into consideration, this investigation will be an exploratory research, with the aim to test relationship between ‘attractive’ packaging and influencing buyers on impulse purchase in a retail convenience store. The research intends to examine if attractive packaging can attract buyer’s attention compared to ‘not so attractive’ packs. The research not only targets the issue but can lead to understand and add-on to the best practice available in the retail industry. I hope that this research may have a significant value in assisting managers in retail business to identify profitably stocking of right kind of products goods. Moreover, my research findings may strengthen the understanding of retail managers on how to organize and display the products effectively and increase the flow of traffic and consequ ently achieve success in sales, services and marketing sectors. Key factors to be considered and explored in this research mainly relate to components like: packaging, consumer behaviour, layout and shelving, impulse purchasing and customer satisfaction. Research questions: The impulse buying behaviour of consumer has led many marketers to come up with new and innovative techniques to allure to their product. This research focuses on one of the major issue out of many in encouraging and stimulating impulse purchase: attractive packaging of the product. Therefore, the research question is formulated as follows: What is the relationship between Attractive Packaging and In-store Impulse Purchase Behaviour? Aim and Objectives of Dissertation: The main aim of this research is to examine the relationship between consumer buying behaviour during the presence of ‘attractive’ packaging in an impulse purchasing situation. The study will be limited to FMCG in retail stores. The specific objectives of this study are: To rationalize whether ‘attractive’ packs prompts impulse purchase. To determine whether the stocking ‘attractive’ packs increases demand for the brand. To investigate whether stocking ‘attractive’ packs results in increase of aesthetic beauty of the store. To explore selling ‘attractive’ packs results in increase in the volume of sales. Scope: This research topic will heavily focus on identifying the different aspects of packaging and factors associated in impulse buying decision and exploring how marketers capitalises on those aspects in formulating the marketing campaign to grab its market share. Just to keep everything relatively simple, I will be focusing only on FMCGs in retail stores. Conceptual Underpinnings and Literature Review: Why do people shopHow do situational factors prompts the decision to purchase certain itemsThe act of purchase is affected by many factors: mood, time pressures, or even a person’s disposition towards shopping. Time can be seen, as an important factor because it often determines how much effort and search a consumer will put into making a purchasing decision. A person’s mood can be affected by the degree of pleasure or arousal that is present in the store’s atmosphere. Most people tend to base a purchase decision towards a specific occasion; or even the way an individual may feel at a specific point in time can also play a big role in what we feel like purchasing. These factors may cause one to decide more carefully on a purchase. Marketers like to use segmentation strategies when advertising to let buyers know their product will meet a specific need one may be looking towards. Overall, many consumers’ purchase decisions are greatly affected by groups or s ocial settings. In an attempt to understand how ‘attractive’ packs influences affect impulse purchasing behaviours, researchers looked at several different approaches to study consumer behaviour. In order to grab buyer’s attention, marketers are continuously coming up with new products. Every now and then they are adding new features to their existing product. In the battle of ‘value’ addition and given the competitive nature of market, marketing professionals are leaving no stones unturned to be ahead in the race. They explore every avenue of the market in discovering new ideas in positioning their products in consumers’ mind. Marketers take every opportunity to communicate with their potential target audience. There are whole lot of tools in use in marketing communication. Only the integrated approach to this communication can bring success. A very good quality product or service alone is not enough to be successful in the market. Potential buyers has to be informed about its positive features and attributes, otherwise it will keep on lying on the shelves and eventually phase out. Therefore, it is imperative that target audience are to be well informed about the existing products and services. Marketing professionals are taught how ‘4Ps’ are critical whether they are launching, maintaining or restaging a product. What about the role of the package in marketing mixAnyone who is marketing a product whose contents require a container must factor in the role that packaging plays. You read "What is the impact of attractive packaging on impulse purchase decision?" in category "Essay examples" One could argue that packaging is one of the most critical factors contributing to a brand’s success, so much that it should become the ‘fifth P’. After all, the life cycle of the package is longer than that of some of the other Ps. A typical package life cycle consists of development, filling, shipping, storage, shelf placement, shopping cart, home transportation, storage, usage and finally some kind of discarding (hopefully recycling). Any one thing with such extensive life cycle should be given the highest of priorities (Stahlberg and Maila). Buyers are overwhelmed with too many choices at their hand in a retail shop. This may create confusion and frustration; this surplus availability may lead many buyers to subdue themselves to familiar products. There is a lot to talk about influencing buyer’s decision at a shopping environment. Among them, packaging plays a vital role and has a major inspirational effect in impulse purchase decision. Attractive packaging design can lure a potential buyer to the first moment of truth – the purchase decision. Packaging is one such tool where the marketers can convey their message straight to its potential customers. For many brands the packaging leads the way to a successful integral branding communication effort and establishing the brand image. Many academicians have agreed to the fact that for many products, sole form of advertising is via packaging. Therefore, marketers should allocate considerable resources in their marketing campaign which can make first and biggest impression for the product – the packaging (Stahlberg and Maila). Hesse, Loesch, and Spies studied the effects of store characteristics on consumers’ mood, their satisfaction, and purchasing behaviour. This study indicates the atmosphere of the store directly affected the mood of the consumer, which became a big factor in their purchasing behaviour. The results suggested customers in a pleasant store atmosphere are likely to spend more money on the products they liked. This effect was only due to the customer’s mood during the time of purchase. A study conducted by Susan Powell Mantel focused on analyzing the roles of â€Å"attribute-based processing† and â€Å"attitude-based processing† when analyzing consumer preference. According to the study, product attributes (qualities such as price, size, nutritional value, durability, etc.) are often compared disproportionately, i.e., one is the more focal subject of comparison, thus eliciting more consideration when the consumer decides which brand is the â€Å"best.† The order of brand presentation in these cases is particularly important. As we know, factors affecting how customers make decisions are extremely complex. Buyer behaviour is deeply rooted in psychology with dashes of sociology thrown in just to make things more interesting. Since every person in the world is different, it is impossible to have simple rules that explain how buying decisions are made. To understand consumer behaviour, marketers examine purchase decision processes, especially any particular triggers that compel consumers to buy a certain product. The continuous pressure from environmental activist, drastic changes in government legislations and popularity of self-check-out machines – all are putting extra pressure to marketers to come up with extra-ordinary packaging design so that the buyers are enticed towards it. Today, packaging is acting as a ‘silent sales person’ helping buyers in highlighting their product’s USPs (unique selling propositions / unique benefits). Good packaging can also be a competitive advantage for the company, strengthening the brand image (Smith and Taylor). The three basic function of packaging The three basic function of packaging is to protect (and contain), offer convenience, and communicate (Smith and Taylor). There is nothing as ultimate package design to the marketers. With the continuous development in the technology, there will be always a new and convenient packaging in the offer. There is hardly any successful product which did not alter itself into new packaging with time. Nowadays cheaper and suitable packaging is available which is more appealing to consumers than ever before. Successful cost effective packaging can itself be a competitive advantage over its rivals. There are several evidences to prove that powerful role packaging can play in building and reinforcing brand image of a company. In short, packaging can be termed as brand awareness and brand attitude – a key communication tool (Larry Percy). Impact of packaging on impulsive buying Packaging is a crucial component of any marketing strategy for goods. In recent times, the importance of good packaging as means of branding and marketing has seen a rapid growth, especially when to comes to fast moving consumer goods. Visual elements such as the colour, the quality and the overall attractiveness play a major role in influencing the customer. The visual elements connote the product for many customers in situations where they have low information or when they are hard pressed for time. In such cases, the consumer totally relies on the recall value of the packaging and makes the decision in an impulsive manner. The big challenge that a marketer in today’s word faces is to translate the attraction from the packaging to a purchasing decision. According to the research conducted in Spain by Ampeuero and Vila (2006), the aspects mentioned below influence the way in with a consumer perceives a product. Colour: It has been noted that the products that are a little high end or elite appeal to the consumer more when they are packaged in a cold and dark colour packaging. On the other hand, the products that are generally easily accessible to the consumers and that are targeted at the consumers who are price sensitive come in light coloured packaging. Consumer also start associating specific brands with the colour and this again influences their decision to make the purchase. Packaging typography: The typography on the product also influences the customer. For the products that signify elegance and style, the font is usually bold, large and in uppercase. The numbers used belong to Roman numerology and the characters are wide and expanded. On the other hand, the products that come reasonably priced have small fonts and come with serif and sans serif fonts. Graphic forms: Consumers generally associate the high price product with vertical lines, straight lines, clear outlines and symmetry based on one single element. On the other hand, the products that are more accessible often use horizontal lines, hazy and unclear outlines, circles and curves and asymmetrical elements. Illustrations: With regards to the illustration, the products that are costlier and appeal more to the upper class come with pictures showing the product. However, the products that appeal more to the middle class and are relatively less expensive, usually come in packaging that are more associated where the illustrations are in the form of people. The influence of the attractive packaging of a product has on the impulsive purchasing behaviour of the consumer has been discussed in detail in an earlier section. Along with an attractive packaging, it is also necessary to mention the price of the product on the packaging. The packaging can attract a consumer to the product but the final decision to purchase the product rests on the price of the product in many cases. According to Underwood (2003), the unmarked packages, (packages that are not marked with price), the type of colour used, the shape of the packaging, the graphics used help the customers determine if the product is of low quality and these products come at a lower price. If the packaging is attractive and the product is marked with the price, then there is a perception among the consumers that the product is of a higher quality. Research Design (including methods) or Critical Approach: The question under discussion is related to consumer’s buying behaviour towards the attractive packaging. The research design would be based on survey to collect the primary data. The secondary data would be collected from the books, journals and online resources. Survey based on questions and having their response, will give me first-hand experience of their buying behaviour. The first stage of this research would be to devise a sample questionnaire, which will hold little demographic information and particularly their views on the research question being analysed. Then a pilot study would be conducted to alter the questionnaire if it is not covering the purpose. This research will conduct 150 questionnaires and at least 120, if not more, feedback will be selected as the sample in this study. The researcher would be applying non-probability sampling method because of the time and budget constraint and as this method consumes less time and efforts than other methods. The questionnaire will be distributed and surveyed inside five newsagent retail shops around East London and the survey will be conducted during four weeks in order to capture various types of respondents. After the data collection and its editing and coding, statistical tools would be used to test the hypotheses and to assess the characteristics of the data. As the study is to see the relationship, ‘Correlation Analyses’ will be used to demonstrate the strength and the direction of the relationship. After the analyses the researcher will than provide data analyses in descriptive statistics in the form of frequency tables, with the data also verified for normality. Also, with inferential statistic where the hypotheses based on dependent and independent variables were tested Outline of Chapters for the Dissertation Chapter 1- Introduction: This chapter will provide a brief background and rationale for the conduction of this research. It also contains the research aims and objectives. Chapter 2- Literature Review: this chapter will contain a critical review of the available literature on the subject of impulsive purchase behaviour and packaging and will also discuss the various theories and empirical work already undertaken in the field. Chapter 3- Research Methodology: This chapter will contain the discussion on the research philosophy and approach and details the research design. The chapter highlights the utility and appropriateness of using the selected sampling and data collection and analysis methods and approaches. Chapter 4- Findings and Analysis: This chapter will contain the presentation and discussion of the findings from the primary research and explicitly gives the results of the surveyed questions. Chapter 5- Conclusions: This chapter contains the results of the surveyed questions and will discuss the implications of the research results for the marketers. It will also include a discussion on future research scope. Finally, this chapter will conclude with the reflective remarks of the dissertation the researcher experienced, critically analyzing and evaluating the whole learning process. Ethical Issues: The research is purely based on literature review and questionnaire, where the confidentiality is kept at high importance. The sample questionnaire will not include any personal information like name, telephone or address. It will hold little demographic information and most particularly of their buying habit. The data collected will be stored in a safe place till the end of the analysis and will be destroyed after the evaluation and final assessment. It requires no ethical clearance from any external body. Bibliography: Beatty, S. E. and Ferrell, M. E. (1998) Impulse buying: modelling its precursors. Journal of Retailing. Vol. 74 No. 2, pp. 169-191. Cobb, C. J. and Hoyer, W. D. (1986) Planned Versus Impulse Purchase Behaviour. Journal of Retailing .Vol. 62 No.4, pp. 384-409. Retrieved, May 16, 2007, from http://web.ebscohost.com Hesse, F., Loesch, K., Spies, Kordelia. (1997) Store atmosphere, mood and purchasing behaviour. International Journal of Research in Marketing. Vol. 14, 1-17. Kollat, D. T, and Willett, Ronald. P. (1967), Customer Impulse Purchasing Behavior. Journal of Marketing Research. Vol. 4, pp. 21-31. Kotler, Philip and Armstrong, Gary (2008) Principles of Marketing Publisher: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Edition: 12th Kotler, Philip., Cunninghum, Margaret H. and Turner, Roland E. (2001) Marketing Management Publisher: Pearson Education Canada. Edition 9th Lee, A., Monroe, Kent. (1999). Remembering versus knowing: Issues in buyers’ processing of price information. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. Vol. 27, 207-225 Mantel, Susan Powell, and Frank R. Kardes. The Role of Direction of Comparison, Attribute-Based Processing, and Attitude-Based Processing in Consumer Preference. Journal of Consumer Research. March 1999. Rook, D. W. (1987) The buying Impulse. Journal of Consumer Research. Vol. 14 (2), pp. 189-199. Smith, Pual Russell and Taylor, Jonathan (2008) Marketing Communnications: An Integrated Approach Stahlberg, Markus and Maila, Ville, (2009) Shopper Marketing: How to Increase Purchase Decision at the Point of Sale, Publisher: Kogan Page Ltd. Stern, H. (1962) The Significance of Impulse Buying Today. Journal of Marketing. Vol. 26 pp. 59-62. How to cite What is the impact of attractive packaging on impulse purchase decision?, Essay examples

Platos Ideal City Essays - Socratic Dialogues, Dialogues Of Plato

Plato's Ideal City Socrates' ideal city is described through Plato in his work The Republic, some questions pondered through the text could be; How is this an "ideal" city, and is justice in the city relative to that of the human soul? I believe Socrates found the true meaning of justice in the larger atmosphere of the city and applied that concept to the human soul. Socrates describes his idea of an "ideal city" as one that has all the necessary parts to function and to show that justice is truly the harmony between the three sections of the city and soul in the human body. Plato introduces the idea of the happiness between groups in Book IV. Plato says, "in founding the city we are not looking to the exceptional happiness of any one group among us but, as far as possible, that of the city as a whole."(Plato 420b). I agree that in order to examine one thing that is difficult to comprehend, it is wise to look on a larger scale. In this case, Socrates had to examine the difference of a whole city and other concepts of cities in order to determine justice in the world and inner soul. In order to develop the perfect city Socrates had to develop the other ideas that contribute to the "ideal city", the City of Need, and the City of Luxury in order to develop the Perfect City. I believe Socrates in-depth discovery process for the perfect city is a great philosophical look into the idea of justice. Socrates brought up a subject many men at that time would never have thought about and Plato believed that the idea of justice was worthy of writing a literary work to pass his political philosophy on to future generations. Since the crucial elements of justice may be easier to observe on the larger scale like a city than on one individual. The focus for Socrates is a perfect city, because the city will represent human soul, Socrates says; "we'll go on to consider it in the individuals, considering the likeness of the bigger in the idea of the littler?"(Plato 369a). Plato's "ideal city" is really the search for the truth of justice, if Socrates is able to find the relationship between the soul and city in his "ideal city" then he would have the true meaning of justice. We saw from the reading how he came about braking down the city's parts and also that of the soul in order to see the reaction between three different regions which Plato and Socrates describe in The Republic. According to Plato, Socrates broke down the perfect city into three parts; each part is tied to a specific virtue that he believes will help define justice. The three virtues are wisdom, courage, and moderation. Wisdom is the whole knowledge, which describes the rulers of the city. The rulers should be the ones who incorporate philosophy and ruling together to rule the city wisely. Courage describes the guardians, who's job was to defend the city from invasion and take new lands for the city. The third virtue of the ideal city was moderation which is the concept of self-control and knowing ones role, also the concept of "one man, one job". The ideal city described in the work is ideal to me because it relates all essential parts to bring harmony among the different kind of people and the virtues that go hand in hand with to bring about justice. Therefore, the question arises, if I would want to live in the ideal city Plato has described in the work. My answer would be yes because it seems that everyone has a specific role to follow depending upon their abilities, both physically and mentally. When I look back to the early cities Plato discussed I agree with the city of need, but that is only part of the whole scheme of things. We need to add the luxurious things and leaders and the people to protect the city. No one of those first two cities could be great by its self, sure each one had their strong points but together they are harmonious to develop the perfect city. The perfect city needs both cities' traits, beginning with the basic philosophy if each person doing a specific job and doing to help the city. In the city of need, Socrates described that each tradesman had a particular job and now in the ideal city we can see that that trait is one

Strokes Used in Chinese Characters

Strokes Used in Chinese Characters The earliest forms of Chinese writing date from the Xia Dynasty (2070 - 1600 BC). These were etched on animal bones and turtle shells which are known as oracle bones. The writing on oracle bones is known as ç” ²Ã© ª ¨Ã¦â€"‡ (jiÄÆ'gÃ… ­wà ©n). Oracle bones were used for divination by heating them up and interpreting the resulting cracks. The script recorded the questions and answers. JiÄÆ'gÃ… ­wà ©n script clearly shows the origins of current Chinese characters. Although much more stylized than the current characters, jiÄÆ'gÃ… ­wà ©n script is often recognizable to modern readers. Evolution of Chinese Script The JiÄÆ'gÃ… ­wà ©n script consists of objects, people or things. As the need for recording more complex ideas arose, new characters were introduced. Some characters are combinations of two or more simpler characters, each of which can contribute a particular meaning or sound to the more complex character. As the Chinese writing system became more formalized, the concepts of strokes and radicals became its foundation. Strokes are the basic gestures used to write Chinese characters, and radicals are the building blocks of all Chinese characters. Depending on the classification system, there are about 12 different strokes and 216 different radicals. The Eight Basic Strokes There are many ways to classify strokes. Some systems find up to 37 different strokes, but many of these are variations. The Chinese character æ ° ¸ (yÇ’ng), meaning forever or permanence is often used to illustrate the 8 basic strokes of Chinese characters. They are: DiÇŽn, (é »Å¾/ç‚ ¹) DotHà ©ng, (æ © «) HorizontalShà ¹, (ç « ª) ErectGÃ… u, (é‰ ¤) HookTà ­, (æ  ) RaiseWÄ n, (Ã¥ ½Å½/Ã¥ ¼ ¯) Bend, curvePiÄ›, (æ’‡) Throw away, slantN, (æ  º) Pressing forcefully These eight strokes can be seen in the diagram above. All Chinese characters are composed of these 8 basic strokes, and knowledge of these strokes is essential for any student of Mandarin Chinese who wishes to write Chinese characters by hand. It is now possible to write in Chinese on the computer, and never write the characters by hand. Even so, it is still a good idea to become familiar with strokes and radicals, since they are used as a classification system in many dictionaries. The Twelve Strokes Some systems of stroke classification identify 12 basic strokes. In addition to the 8 strokes seen above, the 12 strokes include variations on GÃ… u, (é‰ ¤) Hook, which include: æ ¨ ªÃ©â€™ © Hà ©ng GÃ… uç «â€"é’ © Shà ¹ GÃ… uÃ¥ ¼ ¯Ã©â€™ © WÄ n GÃ… uæâ€"Å"é’ © Xià © GÃ… u Stroke Order Chinese characters are written with a codified stroke order. The basic stroke order is Left to Right, Top to Bottom but more rules are added as the characters become more complex.   Stroke Count Chinese characters range from 1 to 64 strokes. The stroke count is an important way to classify Chinese characters in dictionaries. If you know how to write Chinese characters by hand, you will be able to count the number of strokes in an unknown character, allowing you to look it up in the dictionary. This is a very useful skill, especially when the characters radical is not evident. Stroke count is also used when naming babies. Traditional beliefs in Chinese culture hold that a persons destiny in greatly influenced by their name, so great care is taken to choose a name that will bring good fortune to the bearer. This involves choosing Chinese characters that are in harmony with each other, and which have the proper number of strokes. Simplified and Traditional Characters Beginning in the 1950s, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) introduced simplified Chinese characters to promote literacy. Close to 2,000 Chinese characters were altered from their traditional form, in the belief that these characters would be easier to read and write. Some of these characters are quite different from their traditional counterparts which are still used in Taiwan. The underlying principals of character writing, however, remain the same, and the same types of strokes are used in both traditional and simplified Chinese characters.

Editing English Paper

Editing English Paper Editing English Paper Editing English PaperAnyone who has gone through the difficulties of writing an English essay is aware of the satisfaction of completion. Once you have finished writing your English paper and have said everything you wanted to say, arrived at the interesting conclusions, analyzed all relevant evidence, organized your ideas logically, and addressed counter-counters, you feel that there is nothing left to do but to run a computer-based spell-checker. Editing English paper can be annoying, confusing, and even boring. However, you cannot avoid this step of English essay writing because the quality and, most important, purity of your English essay depends on lack of mistakes, mistyped words, and errors. Editing English Paper TipsIf you need help with editing English paper, review the following secrets of successful editing: Read your English paper aloud: when you are working on sentences trying to express your ideas, you may lose attention to the larger picture. When you read your Engl ish paper aloud, you can hear how the sentences sound and, consequently, make necessary changes. Check all words: do they contribute to your arguments? You need to avoid using unnecessary words, phrases, and sentences. Do not use filler words if you do not know what to include in your English paper, it is better to submit a shorter written paper rather than add rubbish into it.Keep in mind the principle of Rights Words on the Right Places do not try to impress your teacher with long, unclear, and specialized words. Your language should be clear enough to avoid confusion and specific enough to achieve the desired understandingGo directly to point of your English paper. While it is nonsense to check the fitness of every single word, you should pay attention to the following detail: every paragraph should start with a topic sentence and be devoted a single idea. Otherwise, your English paper will lack clarity. Check the in-text citations and reference list. If you do no t want to be accused in plagiarism, you must ensure that all sources you used for writing your English paper are cited properly in accordance to the required referencing style such as APA, MLA, or Turabian. Editing English Paper: Professional ServiceIf you have written your English paper but want to make it perfect, you have an opportunity to use professional editing service at our site. We hire the most experienced, responsible, and, most importantly, certified paper editors who are able to make your English paper perfect in grammar, style, format, and structure! In addition, we offer help with writing English coursework, research paper editing , and all other academic assignments! There is no project we would give up!

Can Stress Cause Suicidal Symptoms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Can Stress Cause Suicidal Symptoms - Essay Example The authenticity of this statement will be established in the proceeding arguments below. This is with the aim of drawing the attention of different psychologists to identify ways of addressing this subject with the main intention of reducing cases of suicides or suicidal thoughts. According to Carlson and Heth, stress can be defined as an unfavorable condition that can have an influence on an individual’s mind and physical welfare (527). Nevertheless, it has been a difficult experience to state precisely what defines stress that is, whether stress is a process, a cause or an effect that connects physical well being and mental status. Humans are complicated creatures to understand at times and therefore in terms of defining stress among humans, it might include both visible factors and invisible factors. Stress build-up has been known to give humans suicidal thoughts. This is not a new concept in the modern world, but it began a long time ago during the lifetime of Jesus for those who read the bible. When Judah, a disciple of Jesus; committed suicide after betraying his master. What drove him to develop such thoughts? In answering this question, there are various factors that can trigger someone to have suicidal thoughts at any given moment. Theories have emerged in connection with suicide thoughts and occurrences among the humans. The most striking theory is the newer theory concerning suicide by a famous American psychologist Thomas Joiner. In his theory, he has outlined three major factors that can trigger a person to resort to suicide. These include; a mindset of a person that he/she is alone in the surrounding and there is hardly anyone who has a concern or cares about them. In fact, this is normally a mistaken perception. Another factor concerns a person’s feeling that he/she is ‘a parasite’ to other people. These types of individuals have no other thoughts, apart from suicidal thoughts.  

Structural Geology in Petroleum Exploration Essay

Structural Geology in Petroleum Exploration - Essay Example These techniques constitute petroleum exploration, which in turn has several definitions. In one instance, oil exploration is defined as the process of searching for oil, among other petroleum related resources like gas, in the sedimentary basins of the earth. The mentioned exploration process depends on systematic utilization of technology based methods by innovative geoscientists (Larsen et al 52). It is this combination that paves way for viable drilling prospects and actual appraisal of oil zones or wells. In a different definition, petroleum exploration is considered to be a fundamental competency that should be carried out by qualified geoscientists for a prominent oil and gas organization. Evidently, there appears to be a general agreement in all definitions that geologists play a significant role in the oil exploration process. Another crucial factor to note is that, just like other exploratory studies oil searching is laden with uncertainties. It is difficult to tell whether gas or oil is present in a given place until drilling takes place. Prominent oil and gas companies usually spread the risks posed by the uncertainty over a collection of prospects, in order to manage the situation. This strategy is better than investing all capital, in terms of geology experts and equipment, in one oil drilling prospect. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of oil exploration, by examining geological aspects, historical development t of exploration techniques and other petroleum related subjects. Background Crude oil is a derivative of living things’ remnants, which contain a material referred to as kerogen and compressed over many years. The kerogen from dead organic materials usually matures over time to form a wide variety of hydrocarbon molecules, of different molecular weight and size. The smallest of these hydrocarbon molecules usually escape in gaseous form, hence natural gas, while those with large molecular weight form a dense oily s ubstance beneath the earth’s surface. It is this viscous liquid substance that is extracted and refined to form petroleum oil and it’s diverse by products. Rocks from which petroleum is derived could be of marine or terrestrial origin. Usually, terrestrial petroleum rocks are found in river basins, lakes and deltas, which have organic materials, and algae, among other dead matter. On the other hand, source rocks for petroleum that are found in the marine environment may contain algae and dead plankton, among other organic remnants. In both environments, the organic remains get buried under pressure from overlying disintegrated materials. This implies that, for oil to be formed organic matter must be compressed under high pressure and in absence of oxygen, conditions referred to anaerobic (Larsen et al 100-152). It is under conditions devoid of oxygen that, the kerogen in dead matter changes to an easily ignited substance known as bitumen. This is made possible by the h igh prevailing temperatures, natural catalysts and microbial activity in the earth sediments. The greater portion of the bitumen formed gradually transforms into asphalt, discharging molecules of hydrocarbon, in addition to carbon dioxide and water. The viscous and dense oils get formed first, while light oils are formed as the process progresses. High subsurface temperatures lead to production of gas, and since petroleum is lighter than surrounding rocks, it rises upwards through pores and faults in the crust. The

The Triad Of Impairments In Asd Psychology Essay

The Triad Of Impairments In Asd Psychology Essay Having aspirations to become an educational psychologist, I have always held a strong interest in clinical conditions such as Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and how they can affect a persons behaviours. This interest has been further fuelled by my nephew having been recently diagnosed with high functioning ASD. Whilst I am familiar with the behavioural aspects of this disorder I lack knowledge on the neurological explanations. I wish to change this to increase my understanding of ASD in order to be better equipped to offer my nephew and others with ASD the best possible support. Introduction The complexity of Autistic Spectrum Disorders is partially due to the fact that, until recently, there were no clear biological functions which corresponded with the syndrome. Scientific developments in brain imaging in recent years, however, have enabled psychologists to begin to research ASD from a neurological perspective, meaning that the symptoms of ASD are beginning to be understood more clearly as an expression of a neural disorder (Just et al, 2012). According to the DSM-IV a person can be diagnosed with ASD when they exhibit symptoms under the following three primary criteria: Qualitative impairment in social interaction Qualitative impairment in communication Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interests and activities. The above symptoms are often referred to as a triad of impairments. However, in the proposed DSM-V there is the possibility that the social and communication impairments will be combined and that in the future the definition will form a dyad of impairments instead (Pina-Camacho et al, 2011) . At the time of writing, however, a triad of impairments still exists. This essay is focusing not on the general differences between the brains of typically developing (TD) humans and humans with ASD, but on the neurological explanations for the most prominent behavioural symptoms of ASD. Accordingly the triad of impairments will be taken, one by one, and possible neurological explanations will be explored. Qualitative impairment in social interaction Much of the neurological research on ASD focuses on this impairment following the pattern of behavioural research on ASD. Indeed, one of the most prominent theories of ASD, the Theory of Mind (Baron-Cohen, 1985), focuses almost entirely on the social deficits, arguing that people with ASD struggle with mentalising; they lack social insight and are unable to perceive the world from another persons viewpoint. From a neurological standing, however, it is not enough to assume that people with ASD do not have a Theory of Mind; instead, we must understand biologically why this may be so. Brothers (1990) conducted a variety of studies, both with humans and other primates, and proposed that primates alone have social cognition they are able to perceive psychological facts about others. Through the examination of evolutionary studies, as well as the study of clinical conditions which can affect social cognition, Brothers proposed a neural network of regions in the brain, which, combined create the social brain: Superior temporal sulcus (STS) plays an important role in social perception and is implicated in the processing of many types of sensory information which are relevant to social interaction, e.g. selective sensitivity to vocal and speech sounds rather than to non-vocal sounds and the processing of the motions of hands, face, eyes, and body, especially if the motions relate to emotion in some way (Neuhaus et al, 2010). Fusiform gyrus (FG) region is thought to display a selective response to human faces and is often referred to as the fusiform face area (FFA) (Neuhaus et al, 2010). Prefrontal cortex (PFC) a subdivision of the PFC is the ventromedial PFC, a region including the orbital frontal cortex and the ventral part of the anterior cingulate cortex areas implicated in motivation, reward, and emotion processing, and planning for the future. This region also has extensive connections with the amygdala (Neuhaus et al, 2010). Amygdala involved in processing emotions, empathy, perspective taking and social judgements (Neuhaus et al, 2010). Figure A A diagram of the regions of the brain thought to comprise the social brain. Data retrieved from: http://www.jaynejubb.com/june2012article.htm It seems highly probable that damage to a region in the social brain is likely to cause some visible social deficit. Thus, ASD may be explained, to a certain extent, through abnormalities in these regions when compared to TD humans. Various studies support this idea; the amygdala theory of autism, for example, proposes that there is an amygdala impairment in people with autism, which can help to explain the deficits in their social behaviour (Baron-Cohen, 2000). Given that the amygdala is strongly associated with emotion along with other social functions, irregularity in this region could well contribute to the lack of social insight so often noted in people with ASD. In an earlier study, Baron-Cohen et al (1999) conducted an fMRI study comparing TD subjects with patients with high-functioning ASD or Asperger Syndrome (AS) on a mentalising task whereby participants were asked to judge from a photograph of another persons eyes what emotion that person was feeling. They found that when TD participants were attributing emotional states to the photographs, there was increased activation in their STGs and amygdalas areas associated with social perception and emotion. The ASD and AS group, however, did not show increased activation in the amygdala. Other research suggested that as well as decreased amygdala activity, people with ASD tend to process faces differently to TD people, using the right inferior temporal gyri (ITG) an area more commonly associated with processing objects, rather than the FFA (Schultz et al, 2000). Research by Pierce et al (2001) also found that there was either weak or no activity in the FFA and the amygdala in response to the human face in autistic patients but found no evidence to suggest that they used the ITG as an alternative. The differences in the results of Pierce and Schultz may be due to their samples, with Schultz using a sample including participants with autism and AS and Pierce using a sample only of participants with autism. Caution is urged when placing too much emphasis on the FGs association with faces as previous research has suggested that this region may not be face specific but may be activated when objects increase in familiarity (Gauthier et al, 1999). Fletcher et al (1995) used PET scans to compare brain activity in normal volunteers when reading Theory of Mind stories, physical stories and unlinked sentences. When activity during the Theory of Mind stories was compared with the others, the authors discovered significant activation in the left side of the medial frontal gyrus and in the posterior cingulate cortex regions in the prefrontal cortex suggesting that these regions are specifically activated when a person is mentalising. Furthermore, Castelli et al (2002) used PET scans on ten able adults with ASD or Asperger Syndrome (AS) whilst they watched a variety of animated sequences, and were asked to attribute mental states to the animations based upon what they had seen. The TD group showed increased activation in their medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus and temporal poles, areas associated with social cognition, as described above. The autism group, however, showed less activation than the normal group in all of these regions. Qualitative impairments in communication Symptoms in this impairment range from a total lack of development of spoken language, to a person having adequate speech but being unable to use it in conversation with others, to stereotyped and repetitive use of language (DSM-IV) making it difficult to explain the impairment as a whole. There is also less literature in general on trying to explain the communication deficit in ASD than there is on trying to explain the social deficit. This may be because aspects of the communication deficit are not applicable to people with AS or high-functioning ASD whereas the social deficit is central to all ASDs. Within the left hemisphere of the brain are two areas that govern the understanding and production of speech: Brocas area and Wernickes area. Brocas area is in the frontal lobe and is primarily involved in the production of speech; Wernickes area is in the temporal lobe and is mainly involved with speech comprehension (Passer et al, 2009). Also in the left hemisphere of the brain is the primary auditory cortex an area associated with hearing and thus also largely involved in language production and comprehension (Passer et al, 2009). One possible explanation for a lack of language development is therefore likely to involve damage or irregularities in the left hemisphere of the brain and more specifically in the above areas. Boddaert et al (2004) used PET scans to compare the brain activity of eleven autistic children with six non-autistic mentally retarded children while they were listening to speech-like sounds. They found that there was less activation in speech-related areas, including Wernickes area, in autistic children. In previous work with autistic adults (Boddaert et al, 2004) they had found abnormal right frontotemporal activity but this was not found with the children. Research by Eyler et al (2012) measured the brain activity of forty toddlers with ASD and 40 TD toddlers during the presentation of a bedtime story. Their results showed that a region of the left STG, an area which includes both Brocas and Wernickes area, was significantly less responsive to speech stimuli in the group with ASD than in t he TD group. The TD toddlers showed dominance in the left hemisphere of the brain, as one might expect, given the association between the left hemisphere and language. Contrary to the Boddaert et al study, Eyler et al did find that toddlers with ASD however displayed stronger activation on the right anterior portion of the STG rather than the left. The differences in the results of the groups may be that the sample in the Boddaert et al study was significantly smaller than the sample used by Eyler et al, with only 11 autistic participants compared to 40. Eyler et al propose that the right STG may be trying to compensate for the incompetent processing of the left STG but that by doing so the development of social communication and language abilities is being lost, thus providing an explanation for not only language delay but also ineffective communication in people with ASD. Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interest and activities There are very few neurological studies focusing on this aspect of ASD. An fMRI study by Shafritz et al (2008) on repetitive behaviour in ASD showed that the severity of restricted, repetitive behaviours was negatively correlated with activation in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior parietal regions areas associated with attention, motivation and error detection (Neuhaus et al. 2010). Research by Thakkar et al (2008) supports this finding. Through an experiment on response monitoring they found functional and structural abnormalities in the ACC in ASD participants and suggested that this may cause rigid and repetitive, rather than responsive and flexible behaviour. As the cerebellum is concerned primarily with muscular movement co-ordination but also plays a role in learning and memory (Passer et al, 2009), Pierce and Courchesne (2001) examined the possibility of a link between cerebellar abnormality and exploration in autism. They held an experiment where 14 autistic chi ldren and 14 TD children were in a large room with several exploration containers and encouraged to play. The results showed that children with autism spent significantly less time in active exploration and were more likely to engage in repetitive movements than TD children. They found that the more abnormal the cerebellar vermis, an area in the medial cerebellum (Passer et al, 2009) the less time spent in exploring a new environment. Conclusion Much more literature exists examining the neurological explanations of social impairments in ASD than in the other two impairments. A vast amount of evidence exists associating the social deficits in ASD with irregularities in various regions of the social brain; the superior temporal sulcus, the fusiform gyrus, the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. A lack of activity in the left hemisphere of the brain is likely to contribute to the communication impairment visible in AS. There is very little literature on the restricted behaviour impairment but recent work has proposed a possible association between cerebellar abnormality and exploration and between the ACC and repetitive behaviour. Further work is needed in all three areas ideally work could be conducted that could help to explain all three impairments rather than focusing on a single one.

Supply and Demand and Economist View Prostitution

As we live in 21st century prostitution has been like an everyday good a market can offer. Economist view prostitution as performing a business activity. However, the problem is still around. The demand for prostitution is continually growing. What still surprises the people is that not only the homeless and starving people choose this path as a career but also young generation do as well. In some countries there are underage children that have been kidnapped or have been lost and found by people and force them into prostitution.Parents concern is that why do their children have to grow up with opinion about prostitution as a source of receiving money to survive in this world. It has turned out to be one of the most important trades in the world. Several poor countries are forced into prostitution or have no choice of other jobs turn to prostitution as a support during their economic difficulties. When a person thinks they don’t have enough education and knowledge to get a job , he or she will think of prostitution, which is easier to join the labour force. People view prostitution as a simple way to make money.Although it does leave a negative look for the society but in fact it has been recognized as popular â€Å"job† for many people, which is in fact cannot be ignored by others. People usually believe that it’s mostly woman in the prostitution market but when in reality, men are the ones that are considered to be the more important part of the high demand. Prostitution is when an individual offers to have sex and get a wage for it. When they exchange money for sexual service. Prostitution business revolves around performing sex by the opposite gender.Opportunity cost of woman choosing prostitution is marriage. In reality a woman cannot be a wife and a prostitute at the same time. By choosing that as a career they are making a rational choice by deciding that prostitution is better off for them than other jobs and also forgone marriage li fe. Even though prostitution has been increasing in popularity there is a certain restriction that needs to meet the society’s moral. Prostitutes can’t get any support from publicity and it has to be performed in a certain place.Now a day’s prostitution is considered more of a profession, just like a doctor, police office, and many others. When prostitution is considered as a profession this means they become a taxpayer like the rest of the professionals out there. Having a legal status for prostitution, the government has a benefit out this; reason being more income means more taxing paying which would go to the government at the end of the day. This makes us view prostitution as a business activity. When the service or task has been done you get cash in return, where it becomes systematic income.Even though prostitution does contribute income and high demand, but choosing prostitution as a career is irrational. According to Dr. John Lowman stated â€Å"prosti tution is considered as a potential source of renewing the budge of Canada. But there are also other reasons for not becoming a prostitute except the tax-pension side of the issue†. Another problem is the risk that is associated with being in the prostitution business. They can spread venereal diseases because they don’t do a proper medical checkup. This places the prostitution as a risk or danger occupation, and choosing a high-risk occupation is irrational.There has been a study stating that pimps play a big role in prostitution business. Pimps pay a higher rate to prostitutes compared to a prostitute that doesn’t have a pimp. It has also been noticed that if a prostitute has a pimp they would be getting paid more but would have less work at the same time. This is possible because of the most in-demand workers. These prostitutes roughly make four times compared to other work forces. Even though they get to see more money than other workers out there they still miss out some critical benefits others has that they don’t get.That is the risk associated with this job, some common known risks are STD and there are many health issues that occur in this particular job. Some might get assaulted; research has shown to be at least once a month a sex worker is assaulted on average. Which shows to be it isn’t one of the safest ways to make money. Prostitutes also face issues from police office from being arrested. By legalizing prostitution, prostitutes would be forced to drop their price. Since its legal many people would want to join that market which means more competition.This doesn’t give them another choice but to lower their prices. One of the main tools for a market is competition. If the competition is lower in the market then there is a low opportunity of the client to choose others. If she doesn’t give the client provide more for less money, he might find some other prostitute that will. Economists indicated tha t prostitution is a monopolistic market with a downward sloping demand curve. If they can sell one more unit of their good at the same price of the last one, which means they can optimize their price.Supply and demand plays a key role when it comes to prostitution because of the high volume of demand for sexual service and demand is what supplies woman pushes becomes the demand and men become the supply. Men buy by paying cash and women sell themselves for cash. Prostitution has an earning that is massive that they don’t have to turn to any other additional financing for budgeting. The reason for prostitution increase and growth in a large scale compared to previous years has to do with tourists that are seeking sexual services.As we know prostitution is that woman sell and men buy but economists stated that prostitution most likely will lose clients when men’s income increases. Needs and wants for prostitutes are men and money, but they share a competition when it com es to men. Especially to married men, they’re competing with the married men’s wives in order for them to make an earning. One advantage that wives have that gives them a step higher then prostitute is the fact they can produce children, which can only come from the father.When men’s income starts to increase they tend to have superior good by nature and they choose to buy the cheaper good. Logically to reduce prostitution, if women’s income and opportunity are great you can see less prostitution in that particular place. If that doesn’t work, increasing both men and women have an increase in income will have better results. Prostitution has been decreased in recent years. In conclusion in today’s society prostitution is no shocker. It can be found roughly every corner of the street and mainly in major cities.Many people choose to go into prostitution of money problem to support them selves or family. This is one of the professions that make enormous money with little to none budgeting required and doesn’t need any additional financing help. The profit of prostitution is really benefitting to the government, since it has been legalized the income they make some percentage is paid tax to government. Prostitution has a market behind which means more cash flow, in return more tax payable to the government. There are some down side to being a prostitution that needs to be revealed.Even though prostitution is considered to be a business and also considered as a professional, there are some key elements that are missing. First being there is no medical coverage so if they affected with any disease and need treatment or any other medical related issues, they would have to pay out of their own pocket. Second being there is no social security even though you are paying tax. If the sex workers were given the opportunity to get some education or find a decent salary they would have never considered prostitution as a job. R eference â€Å"Economics and prostitution Sample essay: free Example of Argumentative essay. Custom Essay Writing $9. 95/page | Custom-Essays. org. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. . Europe, society. In medieval, England, and prostitutes were k†¦. â€Å"Papers — Pro Legalization of Prostitution. † Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Paper, and Book Report. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. . Giusta, Marina Della . â€Å"Who is watching? The market for prostitution services. † SpringerLink – electronic journals, protocols and books.. N. p. , 6 Apr. 2007. Web. 2 Nov. 2012. . Economy and Prostitution. Anti Essays. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from the World Wide Web: http://www. antiessays. com/free-essays/341579. html â€Å"Page 2: Who's Counting: Sexonomics — Prostitutes' Incomes – ABC News. † ABCNews. com – Breaking News, Latest News & Top Video News – ABC News. N. p. , 7 May 2006. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. . Clark-Flory, T racy. † The economics of prostitution – Salon. com. † Salon. com. N. p. 18 Jan. 2008. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. . Frondizi, Alexandre , and Simon porcher. â€Å"Informal Urban Economy: a Historical Approach of Paris Street-level Prostitution. † Informal Urban Economy: a Historical Approach of Paris Street-level Prostitution. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. . Clarke, D. A. â€Å"Prostitution for Everyone: feminism, globalisation, and the â€Å"sex† industry. † Prostitution for Everyone: feminism, globalisation, and the â€Å"sex† industry. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Nov.

Drug Addiction in Bangladesh - 4730 Words

Drug addiction is not a recent problem in Bangladesh. But it has been rising. In recent years Drug Addiction has significantly increased in Bangladesh. This agent of human devastation has spread its tentacles worldwide and also in our country. Every intelligent and humane person in the world society and international organizations such as the UN and WHO are alarmed by the present rate of addiction. Nowadays nearly ten per cent of outpatients in our hospitals are cases of drug addiction involving heroin, ganja and phensidyl. These are generally youths and young men between 15-30 years of age and come from all strata of the society. But there are adolescents below 15 years of age and men and women over 30. Hospital surveys show that average†¦show more content†¦They need much more money for it and sometimes they turn against the law. Many discontinue their education after failing to concentrate on any kind of discipline. They forget social protocol, always remain bad tempered and feel they are always in the right. They do not want to hear any advice and count themselves as very aware and competent. Sometimes they feel frustrated and even lose the will to live. e) Decaying stage: After mature stage most of the abusers stay on the verge of decaying. It means gradually their lives crumble. They can realize, how imbalanced they are. They lose taste for food. At this stage they become fully dependent on drug, gradually after a few hours they have to take it, otherwise their body system stops. In that situation the abuser loses human characteristics and behaves like a monster. They have no sense to evaluate good or bad, to enjoy anything, they lose interest in normal male/female yeamings. And finally one day they fully surrender to drugs, which lead them to their graves. CATAGORIES OF DRUGS: Drugs are separated into two categories – Soft drugs: 1. Alcohol; 2. Cigarettes; 3. Marijuana; 4. 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Financial Problems Faced Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1312 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The business has been significantly evolved over the years. A business has different option to grow either it grow nationally or globally. There was a time when businesses were run domestically, entrepreneurs mostly concentrates on handling day to day business. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Problems Faced Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order Then owners find the need of expansion and start looking into different ways of business expansion. These methods includes move from domestic to other market, franchising, diversification (horizontal or Vertical), partnership, forming alliance, merger, acquisition or expand globally to capture new market and expand its share. There is always been trade off in selection of appropriate growth strategy. The fastest way to become a global player is to go online. The charisma of internet has changed the way of doing business. Business development brings significant growth into the organisation. Over the last two decades business has shown significant interest in foreign direct investment. Foreign direct investment can be defined as investment is made outside of country into an overseas country to secure new opportunities of growth and to improve the efficiency of operations. BSKYB is looking for investment in Pakistan and that could bring a number of benefits for both countries. It bri ngs fresh capital into the Pakistan, will improve balance of payments, growth in economy and many associated benefits such as increased employment, introduction of technology, competitive advantage and enjoy benefits of tax heaven of developing countries. There are some internal factors that trigger FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT such as home country economic condition, saturation of market demand, high production cost, fiscal and monitory policy. Foreign investment in Pakistan has been increased over the years. The primary benefit to the BSKYB is differentiation from national companies. The reasons to invest in Pakistan also include the current structure of national industry, demand, knowledge, productivity, growth, profit and economy of scale, tax benefits and Government grants and subsidies. Pakistan will receive benefits of foreign investment, reduction in unemployment, quality products, new technology, and tax; improve economy and improvement in balance of payments. A foreign invest ment improves the productivity and competition in overseas country and set new standards of doing business. https://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Kabelwa_FOREIGNDIRECT INVESTMENTImpactsonTanzaniaEconomicDevelopment.pdf BSKYB must consider the fact that level of growth in income, prevailing market, technological or financial requirements. A detail analysis of market condition is very much necessary before investing into Pakistan. According to a study was taken by Government in 2006, there are more than 46.4 million cellular users in Pakistan, WLL Subscriber are 1.42 million, fixed telephone users were 5.1 million. There is still very much potential for growth in Pakistan. https://www.pakboi.gov.pk/pdf/IT%20%20Telecom.pdf Incentives provided by Pakistan to attract FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT Pakistan government has taken a number of measures to attract foreign direct investment. Which are tax relief, the FYA will be set off against the assessed statutory income of the company, liberal investment policy, liberal foreign exchange, and skilled labour, no restriction on royalty payment, import duty and less expensive land and building. In recent times government of any country pays specific attention to tax relieves, relaxing import duties and providing tax heavens to attract and retain foreign investments. https://investinpakistan.org/investment-climate.php Deterioration of FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT in Pakistan Law and order situation in Pakistan has tremendously affected by terrorist activities and war against terrorism. From July to September 2009 the FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT has fallen by 29%. Investors are hesitant to invest in Pakistan due to security concern. Local investors in Pakistan also moving their businesses to Bangladesh, India and Singapore. Although Pakistan government has taken different measures to attract foreign direct investment. There is still 10billion dollars projects are available in Pakistan. (article by Imran ali Khudi 10/10/09) https://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Business/20-Oct-2009/FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT-down-by-29pc-in-three-months Pakistan is facing serious problems regarding foreign investment which is result of imbalance payments, law and order situation, political instability and economic downturn, slow GDP and high unemployment. Hence Pakistan is struggling at every step towards growth. The major concern f or any investor is capital structure of host country that is significantly affected by the host country borrowing rate and funding availability to the investor. The shareholder of BSKYB will require higher return in investing in Pakistan. As Pakistan is facing serious crises in terms of basic infrastructure for any business. The cost of capital rise as result of high risk. There is always a question that why company pursue to invest in international market. There are many factors that attract foreign direct investment. In 2005-2006, Pakistan received $1.8 billion and in which telecom sector received $1824 million FDI. Mode of Entry BSKYB will also have to assess mode of entry available into Pakistan. As every mode to enter into foreign market has considerable impact on BSKYB long term strategy. The choices available to BSKYB to enter into Pakistan market are Joint venture, licensing and direct investment. The selection of method depend on capital, level of risk, market condition, and socio-economic factor, legal and political condition of Pakistan market. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=aO3hxm-s-uoCpg=PA167dq=mode+of+entry+in+fdihl=enei=v2sATPd_lYjTBJGDocwDsa=Xoi=book_resultct=bookhumbnailresnum=1ved=0CCsQ6wEwAA#v=onepageq=mode%20of%20entry%20in%20fdif=false BSKYB has to perform a detail analysis to invest in Pakistan and should alternative options. BSKYB can look into investing in Europe. But the recent economic recession has seriously affected the European economic conditions and put them on the edge of solvency. BSKYB is also facing serious problems in UK as demand has fallen dramatically over th e couple of years. Research Questionnaire What is foreign direct investment? Evaluation of foreign direct investment strategic fit with BSKYB long term strategy? Critically appraisal foreign direct investment in Pakistan? Evaluate the capital structure used by BSKYB and ways to obtain long term debts? Explain initial cost require by BSKYB to operate in Pakistan? Explain the foreign direct investment requirements? Explain the cost/benefit analysis of foreign direct investment in Pakistan? Discuss the risk factors involve in foreign direct investment in Pakistan to BSKYB? Explain foreign direct investment macro-micro environmental effect on Pakistan? Explain, assess and select mode of entry use by BSKYB? Explain different barriers involve in foreign direct investment to BSKYB? Explain social-environmental impact on marketing strategy? Explain social-environmental impact on HR policy? Evaluate strategic choices available to BSKYB to operate in Pakistan? (Merger/Acquisition) organic growth and growth by acquisition. Perform BSKYB Stakeholder analysis? Research Objectives To critically assess the fdi development To Evaluate and analyse the BSKYB long term strategy align with foreign direct investment in Pakistan To evaluate different methods use to appraisal financial investment. To critically evaluate and assess different types financing method in Pakistan. To Critically evaluation of capital requirement, operational cost and BSKYB required rate of return. To asses and analyse level of investment required by BSKYB. To critically analyse the benefits of fdi to BSKYB. To critically evaluate financial, operational and strategic risk to BSKYB in fdi in Pakistan. To evaluate the political, economic, legal, environmental, legal etc impacts face by BSKYB to invest in Pakistan. To critically analyse and asses mode on entry and its cost/benefit to BSKYB. To asses internal and external barriers involves in fdi in Pakistan. To analyse overseas impact on BSKYB marketing strategy. To analyse problems in recruitment, training and development and establishing human resource strategy. To critically evaluate different growth options available to BSKYB in Pakistan and analyse organic growth and growth by acquisition. To analyse the shareholders, employees, government etc influence and interest in fdi in Pakistan. Aims and Objectives The objective of this research is to Perform pestel analysis of Pakistan, Assessment of comparative advantage and absolute advantage to bsb. Assessment of financial problems faced by bsb. Strategic objectives Operational objectives